Which term refers to the uncontrolled multiplication of defective body cells?

The term that refers to the uncontrolled multiplication of defective body cells is cancer. Cancer arises when mutations occur in the DNA of cells, leading them to grow and divide uncontrollably instead of undergoing normal programmed cell death (apoptosis). This abnormal proliferation can lead to the formation of tumors, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumors can invade nearby tissues and organs, and they have the potential to spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream, a process known as metastasis.

In contrast, cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis are related to heart and blood vessel issues rather than the uncontrolled growth of cells. CVD encompasses a range of conditions affecting the heart, while atherosclerosis involves the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, leading to narrowed or blocked arteries. Arteriosclerosis is a condition characterized by the hardening and thickening of the arterial walls. Therefore, the distinguishing characteristic of uncontrolled cell multiplication specifically aligns with cancer, making it the correct answer.